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Introduction:
Michael Byrne, Bonnie John and Neil Wehrle at Carnegie Mellon University and David Crow of the Trilogy Development Group conducted a study to identify the major activities performed by web users. The researchers attempted to gain a clearer understanding of the tasks users performed most while browsing the web, and to determine the relative time spent carrying-out each of the major activities.
They found that most (58%) of the time, users were involved in "using information." This included reading, printing and downloading information. Another 12% of the time, users were visually searching for items on pages. Thus, for about 70% of the total time, users were directly involved in interacting with the web pages. In addition, users spent about 13% of the total time providing requested information (e.g., filling out forms), and another 5% responding to requests (e.g., providing a file name for downloading).
Possibly of greater importance, most of the remaining time was spent either waiting or scrolling. Unfortunately, over half of the time involved in moving to other pages was spent waiting for pages to load (using fast T3 network connections). Also, when using the websites, users were forced to do considerable scrolling. When combined with "waiting," users spent about 1 hour and 27 minutes of the 5 hours either waiting or scrolling.
Benjamin Blinn and David Biers at the University of Dayton conducted a recent study on searching performance when using three different formats. They compared a paper-based document, a computer-based document that required paging, and a computer-based document that required scrolling.
The researchers found that:
- people searched fastest using the paper-based document, and
- when searching websites with shorter pages, paging enabled users to find information in reliably less time than did scrolling.
Conclusions:
What can we learn from these studies? First, to expedite the use of websites, we should design pages that load fast. I continue to be unimpressed with the overuse of meaningless graphics, and totally impressed with well-designed text-oriented pages that load quickly. With today’s higher bandwidths, the goal for loading pages should be two seconds or less per page. The old idea that 8 or 10 seconds represents acceptable response times is not true. We have known for years, that several seconds is much too slow for many, if not most, serious computer interactions.
Second, to improve use of websites, we should attempt to reduce the amount of required scrolling.
References
The tangled web we wove: A taskonomy of WWW use, Byren, M.D., John, B.E., Wehrle, N.S. and Crow, D.C., CHI 99 Conference Proceedings, 544-551(1999).
Searching hard-copy (paper) vs. electronic (CRT) documents: Role of experience, amount of text displayed, and the book metaphor, Blinn, B. and Biers, D.W., Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society - 1999, 447-451 (1999).
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Privacy policy
Reviewed: 18 Mar 2014
This Privacy Policy governs the manner in which Human Factors International, Inc., an Iowa corporation (“HFI”) collects, uses, maintains and discloses information collected from users (each, a “User”) of its humanfactors.com website and any derivative or affiliated websites on which this Privacy Policy is posted (collectively, the “Website”). HFI reserves the right, at its discretion, to change, modify, add or remove portions of this Privacy Policy at any time by posting such changes to this page. You understand that you have the affirmative obligation to check this Privacy Policy periodically for changes, and you hereby agree to periodically review this Privacy Policy for such changes. The continued use of the Website following the posting of changes to this Privacy Policy constitutes an acceptance of those changes.
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Reviewed: 18 Mar 2014
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